Random Admission Thoughts-Sept 2014 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Random Admission Thoughts-Sept 2014 Edition - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Random Admission Thoughts-Sept 2014 Edition The application has been open for about three weeks, so the flow of documents, test scores and applications is starting to increase. As such, here are a few thoughts to remember both before and after you apply. For Early Action, we will be able to accept the October SAT (if you have requested UGA as one of the receiving schools when signing up), but we will not be able to use the October ACT. In addition, if you want us to be able to use your ACT scores, we need to have at least one ACT Writing score. If we do not have one, we cannot use the ACT. In addition, we have had a number of questions about ACT scores and rounding up. The ACT policy is the one that UGA follows. We import test scores on Tuesday and Friday mornings, and we do not always receive the scores when you do, so please be patient. About 1-2 business days after you apply, you should be able to see application data on your myStatus page (go to Check your Application Status. This will display the documents and test scores we have in our system. This is also where you can input your counselors email address so they can be sent information on how to submit the School/Counselor Evaluation form. If your school uses the Naviance or Parchment electronic document system, we are fine with documents being sent in this manner. We also accept GACollege411 transcripts. If at all possible, have documents sent electronically, as it goes into your file much easier and quicker. We superscore SAT and ACT scores, so there is no reason to wait until you see the test score results before you send us the scores. We are fine with test scores being sent to us before and after you apply, as we will match these electronically in our system. For documents (school/counselor evaluation, transcript, teacher recommendations, fee waivers, etc.), we heavily suggest sending these after you apply, as it is much easier to match them to an existing application. If sent before the application, we can match them, but it takes much longer to do so. If you send documents by fax, we will shred them. We cannot use faxed official documents, so please make sure they are sent electronically or by mail. As well, SAT/ACT scores MUST come from the testing agency. Do not aim for deadlines. I repeat, do not aim for deadlines. If you do so, you will make your counselor, your parents, and yourself very anxious. P.S. The EA application deadline is October 15, and the deadline for required supporting documents is October 22. We receive a number of emails/calls on how applicants should enter in information (should I enter in NHS in activities or honors?). There are no set rules for how to enter in information, so just do your best to give us details about you. While we do not use your activities/sports/work/honors in the EA decision, we do use this in our scholarship review and in the read process if you are deferred, so do not skip these sections. I hope this information helps, and Go Dawgs!

Anthropology is Quantitative Essay - 971 Words

There is a lot of conflict to the question â€Å"is anthropology a science?† A lot of this conflict leads from defining what a science is, in the dictionary science is, â€Å"a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws.† (Dictionary.com, 2011) Anything that can be studied is considered a science. Without science anthropology would be nearly impossible to study, science makes everything quantifiable. Anthropology should continue along its current path of being a science. Anthropology is quantifiable; by using science you can determine information much more precisely. Anthropology is absolutely 100 percent a science in every way†¦show more content†¦They then look for cars, people, or anything in the way that may affect them, that’s their background research. After that they decide there is a car coming so they should stop briefly, then the hypothesis is that if they stop, then proceed with caution they will be safe. They realize that the other car allowed them to go first because they stopped first and had been waiting, that is the result, now the conclusion is that if they get to the stop sign first, they get to leave the stop sign first. Without even realizing it, you have just used science to perform an everyday task, just as anthropologists do. By using science to help study anthropology, you reduce errors, perform simple steps, and make everything flow easier and better. As things flow easier and you reduce errors, everyday life becomes simpler, thanks to science. People would agree that being precise and accurate as possible is regarded better than the everyday guess or estimation. Since anthropology is a science, anthropology is quantifiable, meaning that results are much more accurate, because you are using a system to figure them out. By using science you are able to actually put a number, an exact number at that on your study. Anthropologists need science to stay exact, and not lie about the results. Without being exact they could be exaggerating the truth or lie, guessing how old the tribe members are, missing by 10 to 20 years, a mistakeShow MoreRelatedWhy An Independent Variable Affects A Dependent Variable888 Words   |  4 Pagesstudies human social groups and human interactions in the social surroundings. The experimental method, longitudinal studies, is a significant method of studying sociology. Sociologist use the experimental method, longitudinal studies, to obtain quantitative results during the testing period of a small c ontrol group. This allows the experimenter to formulate an empirical value by the activities observed throughout the experiment, delivering the outcome to be applied statistically. A empirical valueRead MoreGlt1 Task 4 Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Methods in Sociology and Anthropology By Western Governors University Abstract Sociology and Anthropology rely upon investigational and research techniques. While some of these may be similar they also differ. Each discipline has its own philosophical justification for their method but any and all approaches to study the society’s culture require some degree of fieldwork. Read MoreAnalysis Of Stephen A. Brighton s Article913 Words   |  4 Pagesinequalities between the Irish immigrants and the American community. Concepts: The author explains that, because archeology needs to differentiate and favor those in need, the issues in this type of investigation should be carried out using applied anthropology to solve modern social problems from collected data, theories and perspectives (Gezon and Kottak 2013). One of the many concepts explored in this article is ethnography. The author makes a clear, explicit distinction of the way archeology is beingRead MorePhilosophy, Phenomenology And Comparative Approachs851 Words   |  4 Pagesallows the quantitative and qualitative methods of sociology to be applied to religious groups and study individuals from within the group aspect. There is also the anthropology of religion approach. The anthropology of religion is the comparative study of religion across different cultures, societies and religious groups. The anthropology method studies the evolution of religion and how these religions evolve from one culture or society to the next. Durkheim thought that anthropology of religionRead MoreThree Disciplines1097 Words   |  5 Pagesbut if I had to choose between anthropology, psychology, and sociology, I would have to choose psychology. The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. Psychology has more quantitative information, more interesting careerRead MoreAnimal Ancestry : The Field Of Anthropology Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pages Ryan Schueneman Intro to Anthropology Rachel McTavish 05 December 2016 Animal Ancestry Within the field of anthropology, there are various subsections that deal with specific branches of knowledge. Zooarchaeology, specifically, is a division of archaeology that deals with the remains of an animal after it has died. Much knowledge can be gleaned about various aspects of the animal itself, as well as the world surrounding it, through the study of zooarchaeology. The following will discuss the historyRead MoreThe Anthropology Of Welfare And Social Protection809 Words   |  4 Pagesdelivered the core second-year course of eight lectures, and facilitated eight MPhil seminars, in Economic Anthropology. I also wrote and delivered two lectures concerning the anthropology of welfare and social protection, supervised over forty students for the papers SAN1, SAN2, S5 and SAN8, and supervised an undergraduate dissertation. My effectiveness as a lecturer is attested by a quantitative evaluation, in which I received 88% for how interesting the material was, and 90% for how clearly this materialRead MoreThe Marketing Of Marketing Mix Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pageshave to use security navigation system in the car for their safety purpose. 2 METHODOLOGY 2.1 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH COMPARED Qualitative analysis is primarily beta analysis. it s accustomed gain academic degree understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the matter or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative chemical analysis. analysis is in addition accustomed uncover trends in thought and opinions, and diveRead MoreSociology, Anthropology, By Lewis Binford932 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the article, Archaeology as Anthropology, Lewis Binford argues that by looking at culture through a systemic view point our interpretations of the past can become stronger and will improve the field of archaeology and anthropology as a whole. His article is integral to the foundation of ‘New Archaeology’ because it gave a critical review of the short comings of a cultural historic approach, and provides suggestions of improvement that have been applied and even built upon in contemporaryRead More Sociology vs. Cultural Anthropology Essa y939 Words   |  4 Pages The research methods in sociology and anthropology are similar yet follow a specific set of guidelines for each. Each field approaches research in a similar fashion but the methodology and intentions can differ. The differences reflect the distinct differences that are present in sociology and anthropology. The way that an anthropologist approaches a problem and attempts to solve it is different than a sociologist because of the discerning basis of their knowledge. Some of the research methods

Essay Topics Technology Features

Essay Topics Technology Features The Chronicles of Essay Topics Technology Now you have a notion about what a proposal essay is and the way to select the proper topic to compose your own essay, below are some examples of proposal essay topics. The thesis will provide you with a guideline on the best way to go about with writing the essay. There are numerous technology essay topics, but you need to choose one which you feel comfortable writing about. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. The New Fuss About Essay Topics Technology Just in order to supply you with a guideline, here is an illustration of a technology essay you may look at. Finding the proper articlesto support your persuasive essay is a little more challenging. Conclusion needs to be concise and logical. Conclusion when you are done placing all of your information in the body paragraphs, it's necessary for you to compose a conclusion. Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Topics Technology? Now, you've got to compose a paper about education. Essay needs to be written in the words an ordinary person will understand. Introduction Your introduction needs to be compelling. A student should realize that the topic isn't self-explanatory. The New Fuss About Essay Topics Technology Folks are slowly forgetting that physical activity is a significant part of a balanced and healthful way of life. Political issues are the very best example. The chosen subject should offer enough chance to make an analytical and interpretive composition. There's no universal security legislation, and companies are free to modify their policies since they see fit. If you're on the lookout for information which you can't find in the sources I've included, you will want to do more research. We, as service providers with appropriate expertise in essay composition shall endeavor to give adequate pointers to allow you to compose a technology essay with your own thoughts and imagination. Now, options are somewhat more diversified because the world is rapidly evolving, therefore it can obviously be changed from an array of directions. Top Choices of Essay Topics Technology A superb debate article ought to have an analysis in addition to fair criticism of many problems. If you are in possession of a valid issue and you may offer sufficient arguments on it, then go with this. Also, deciding on the right topic is critical. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I would advise attempting to brainstorm a topic that utilizes a comparison. Controversies are rather important too. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. Privacy may be an issue at work, too. The Death of Essay Topics Technology The shortage of great support sources will end in a decrease grade. The very first step is where a significant number of students become stuck. In addition to the typical notes given in class, it's important to do your research and add the quantity of knowledge you have. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. New Step by Step Roadmap for Essay Topics Technology Knowing what it is you are going to chat about enables you to compose a consistent and convincing essay that readers may enjoy. You will discover a variety of argumentative essay topics but picking the perfect one might be the basic and the very first step to compose an influential essay. Neither did they spend every minute of their spare time checking the most recent updates on social networking. Our writers can help you find some type of direction by means of your essay topics and select the one which is quite convenient for you. Simply, you need to strive to make them interested in furthering their discussion independently even once they are finished with the reading the writing. You need to possess knowledge on the matter and also be creative in order to produce the essay interesting and convincing. You won't be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in a week and receive an A. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. School should happen in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea. What Everybody Dislikes About Essay Topics Technology and Why Whether there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it can be too narrow. So when you have zero internet on your computer, you could just apply your cell phone for anything you require. MP3 music ought to be free. Cell phones shouldn't be used while driving. The Lost Secret of Essay To pics Technology The next thing to do is to speak about the benefits of technology. There's always something good to discuss when it has to do with technology. Look at explaining what exactly technology is, have the very best research material so you won't spend an excessive amount of time researching from several sources. As discussed, there are several cons to technology, but there are a few pro's too. Students however have to be keen on the type of company to look for assistance from as some are cons. They are therefore likely to do a technology in education essay so as to understand how to use technology to gain knowledge.

Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery (by Ernest Jones) Free Essays

pg. 101: Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery by Ernest Jones Much as he hates him, he can never denounce him with the ardent indignation that boils straight from his blood when he reproaches his mother, for the more vigorously he denounces his uncle the more powerfully does he stimulate to activity his own unconscious and â€Å"repressed† complexes. He is there- fore in a dilemma between on the one hand allowing his natural detestation of his uncle to have free play, a consum- mation which would make him aware of his own horrible ishes, and on the other ignoring the imperative call for ven- geance that his obvious duty demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery (by: Ernest Jones) or any similar topic only for you Order Now He must either realise his own evil in denouncing his uncle’s, or strive to ignore, to condone and if possible even to forget the latter in continuing to â€Å"repress† the former; his moral fate is bound up with his uncle’s for good or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to slay his mother’s husband, whether this is the first or the second; the latter call is strongly â€Å"repressed,† and therefore necessarily the former also. It is no mere chance that he says of himself that he is prompted to the revenge â€Å"by heaven and hell,† though the true significance of the expres- sion of course quite escapes him. Hamlet’s dammed-up feeling finds a partial vent in other directions, the natural one being blocked. The petulant irascibility and explosive outbursts called forth by the vexa- tion of Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, and especially of Polo- nius, are evidently to be interpreted in this way, as also is in part the burning nature of his reproaches to his mother. In- deed towards the end of the interview with his mother the hought of her misconduct expresses itself in that almost physical disgust which is so often the manifestation of in- tensely â€Å"repressed† sexual feeling. â€Å"Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed; Pinch wanton on your cheek; call you his mouse; And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, Or paddling in your neck with his damn’d fingers, Make you to rav el all this matter out. † His attitude towards Polonius is highly instructive. Here the absence of family tie, and of other influences, enables him to indulge to a relatively unrestrained degree his hostility towards the prating and sententious dotard. How to cite Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery (by: Ernest Jones), Papers

One Foot in Eden free essay sample

It is impossible to go through life without making any. What we choose can define us, can close off a part of our life that, had we chosen differently, could have led to something completely different. Many things can influence our choices, from morals, to peers, to experience. Usually, it is our own morals and opinions that decide what we do. How we were raised, what we were taught, and what we have picked up along the way. Family plays a large part in our decisions. Many people think about what someone in their family would do when faced with a difficult decision. In One Foot in Eden, Amy weighs the pros and cons of sleeping with Holland to get pregnant. She carefully thinks about what her husband would do if he found out. This may be a bad example, as she decides to sleep with him anyways. Also, simple things that we learn in school allow us to make informative judgments. We will write a custom essay sample on One Foot in Eden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Peers also play a significant role. It is almost human nature to please others, or to fit in. Something we would not normally do, we do to make others like us. We might also refrain from acting a certain way that might prevent others from accepting us. This is why it is common that teens begin smoking, or doing some other dangerous habit, all to â€Å"be cool. † Our experiences shape many of our choices. If we know from experience that we will get a bad or painful response to an action, we avoid that action. We will also repeatedly make choices that produce a good or pleasant effect. We face many obstacles by trial and error, and if we have done something before, we know what actions elicit what responses. In conclusion, our choices, whether they are made from our experiences, our peers, or our morals, immensely affect our lives. The factors that influence our choices, be they good or bad, are directly related to the outcome of those decisions.

Chinas Reliance on The World Market †Economics Essay

Chinas Reliance on The World Market – Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers Chinas Reliance on The World Market Economics Essay China at this moment is experiencing the transition of its grain trade policy from a policy of self-sufficiency to that of somewhat greater reliance on the world market. On June 1 this year, Premier Wen Jiabao announces that China has listed liberalization of grain trading and pricing and offering subsidies to grain growers as among Chinas priority tasks for reforming its grain distributing system. (1) Earlier this year, it is reported that Chinas grain output falls for five years in a row to 431 million tons last year from a record high of 512 million tons in 1998 while its farmland is also down 7 percent from 1998 to about 100 million hectares. (2) To encourage production, China for the first time in its history directly subsidizes its rural grain farmers: about 1.2 billion US dollars from its grain risk fund is used to directly subsidize individual rural households. Such subsidy is just one policy in the package of massive supporting measures, which also includes setting minimum grain purchasing prices, strictly protecting farmland and lowering agricultural tax. Such measures affect hundreds of millions of grain farmers in 13 provinces, accounting for 69 percent of China’s grain production. (3) Also China begins to liberalize its stri ctly-controlled and inefficient grain system to break state-owned enterprises’ long-held monopoly over the grain market. Private grain companies now can buy grain directly from farmers and resell or process them, which was unimaginable years ago when the central government held a complete monopoly over the grain market. (4) This paper will look into why China, as a WTO member now, goes for such dramatic policy change, examine the policy tools that China adopts most recently in the progressive liberalization of its grain trade and how they will impact the local and international communities. Agricultural resources put China at a disadvantage in producing grain from a comparative economic advantage standpoint. (5) The per capita arable land and water resource levels in China are much lower than world averages (6), and the demand on the land for other crops, particularly for vegetables and fruits, is great. (7) So, even though technologically China is able to feed its people, the self-sufficiency grain policy is irrational from an economic standpoint. Despite the relative success of government controls, with domestic grain costs increasing and domestic grain prices surpassing those of the world market as early as in 1994, Chinese scholars began to question the rationality of the self-sufficiency policy. (8) Moreover, self-sufficiency carries a heavy social cost. It is possible to make simple estimates on the social cost of grain self-sufficiency. According to Long (9), a net loss of social welfare USD 6.59 billion in the year 2020 will occurassuming that the demand for grain has no price elasticity and there is no price margin. If there is a price margin of, say, 20%, the net loss of social welfare will go further up to USD 13.52 billion. In Mid-1998, China instituted a price support program for grain. (10) The price support policy had two pricesa higher protection price for quota grain and a lower reservation price for any amount of grain that a farmer may have wished to sell. The state grain bureaus that purchased the grain were required to sell the grain to the marketing system at a price that covered their costs as well. The intention was that the price support policy would have no budgetary cost and that consumers would pay the full cost incurred in bringing grain to the retail shop. Of course, there should be no objection to that since urban consumers have far higher incomes than the grain producers, and there is no reason why their consumption of grain should be subsidized. But neither is there any reason why consumers should pay more for their grain than if they were served by an efficient marketing system. (11) If the policy functioned as planned, consumers would pay higher prices than necessary. To permit the grain bureaus and subsequent grain handlers to cover their costs, private traders were prohibited from buying directly from farmers. The reason for this action can only be that the private sector can move grain from the farmer to the consumer at significantly lower cost than the state enterprises that, once again, were given a monopoly in the marketing of grain. If this were not the case, there would have been no reason to give the grain bureaus the monopsony in purchases from farmers. If the grain bureaus promptly paid the farmers the specified prices and accepted all the grain farmers offered, as the policy said they should, private traders would have had to pay same prices as the grain bureau paid for grain in excess of the quota. (12) In fact, government losses in the purchase and sale of grain went up sharply since the program implemented. In 1995-1996 (April to March), the cost to the government was 19.7 billion renminbi (RMB); in 1996-1997, 40 billion RMB; and in 1997-1998, in excess of 100 billion RMB. (13) The losses in 1997-1998 exceeded the total expenditure urban consumers made in purchasing grain in 1997. According to the urban household survey, the per capita expenditure on grain by urban household survey, the per capita expenditure on grain by urban consumers was 238 RMB (14). With an urban population of 370 million (15), a total expenditure of 100 billion RMB would equal a per capita cost for the urban population of 270 RMB, or somewhat more than the average expenditure on grain 1997. While realizing the heavy costs of self-sufficiency and the apparent benefit of grain liberalization, Chinese leaders worry about a number of factors that inhibits China’s movement toward greater reliance on grain imports: food security, farmer unemployment, long-term foreign payment ability, as well as economic efficiency. Since the international community has significant influence over these factors, analysis of China’s grain policy suggests how the international community can promote China’s full engagement in the international trading system following is accession to the WTO. China has a long history of farmer rebellions, most of them were triggered by famine; the disastrous famine of the early 1960’s left an indelible imprint on China’s psyche. (16) The lowest requirements for the food safety are that nobody, particularly the poverty-stricken population, starves to death due to the short supply of grains and that the grains issue can not influence the social stabilization. Chinese leaders doubt whether China’s food security can be ensured by relying on the world market, especially records show that the main grain exporting countries have poor policy records, and specifically in times of domestic crises, they may transfer internal shocks to importing countries. Also, since China is a country of vast population, Chinese leaders are concerned that a grain embargo will be used by main exporters as a political weapon against China.(17) It is not until China’s accession to WTO that they finally gradually let go such uncertainties. The general commitments inherent in WTO membership include unconditional most-favored-nation treatment required by Article I of GATTthat member will not discriminate between members. Another basic condition is national treatment required by Article III of GATTthat imports can not be discriminated against other than through border priced-based measure such as tariffs. (18) Under this commitments and condition China can seek tighter disciplines on the use of export restrictions by food exporters to ensure the security of supply. The risk of grain embargos is greatly reduced. And China can increase the extent it relies on world markets as its source of grain. Increasing the security of supply would also be in the in the interest of the exporting countries, which face demands greatly diminished by China’s lack of confidence in the security of supply. Even when members of main grain exporting countries do not honor the WTO agreement and decide to use embargo against China, any grain embargoes have only short-term effects due to the high elasticity of grain supply. Supplier countries that do not participate in an embargo can easily increase their production to provide China with grain over time. Moreover, with an apparently high ratio of grain stock to grain consumption, China is definitely safe from famine in case grain embargo is used against it. (19) The volume of grain stocks is an important index used to measure whether a country is safe or not in terms of grains. In general, the proportion of carry-over stocks of grains at the end of a grains year in the estimated total consumption of grains during the next year will be taken as the grains stocks safety coefficient. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization holds that the lowest scope for a countrys grains stocks safety coefficient is 17~18 percent. If the coefficient is smaller than that, in combination with the analysis on other factors, it can be regarded that this country is not safe in terms of grains. (20) For China, even when grain prices fluctuate in a large range, the safety coefficient of the grains stocks is still higher than 18 percent, the lowest value for the countrys grain stocks safety coefficient. (21) Underemployment and unemployment has always been a problem in China’s rural area. Whether grain liberalization will aggravate unemployment has been a subject of controversy. Those who advocate for liberalization argue that Chinese grain farmers can adapt themselves to more grain imports by converting agricultural activities to higher value-added and labor-intensive production as in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. (22) As high value-added crops are more labor-intensive than grain, such a transition will provide a solution to the unemployment problem. Some also suggest the superabundance of rural labor can be dealt with by transferring most of them to non-agricultural sectors especially to the service sector. Such arguments are valid only when there are enough markets for higher value-added and labor intensive goods. However, China faces barriers in its exporting markets, and the extent of the barriers can be better understood by examining the duty burden that China faces in the export markets. It is clear that China faces some substantial tariff barriers and high tariff rates on its high value-added and labor-intensive agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits and fish products. The average tariff rate faced by China on its agricultural product exports is four times as high as the average tariff faced on its exports of other products. (23) The absence of reliable assurance of food security has been precluding China from opening up to the world grain market. To provide reassurance to China and boost Chinese confidence in the world grain market, greater market access from the international community therefore must be provided for China’s labor-intensive agricultural goods as well as other labor-intensive goods such as textiles. Skeptics of China’s grain liberalization also question China will be able to afford to import a large amount of grain. Since 1999 China has more than USD 140 billion in its foreign exchange reserve, the second highest in the world. (24) However, it is not clear if, in the long run, China will be able to sustain surpluses in its exchange reserve. There are several reasons behind such a pessimistic forecast. First, the rapid growth of China’s export is mainly attributable to â€Å"Processing trade†, in which countries import inputs and re-export processed goods. Between 1980 and 1997, normal exports did not increase as much as the average GDP growth. (25) The exports of â€Å"processing trade are mainly labor-intensive goods with value-added ratio of 10-15 %. (26) Because China has not realized processing trade industries are in fact â€Å"rootless industries†: The plants that produces goods for processing exports move to other countries due to the increase in the labor cost in China, as what had happened in Japan and East Asian Dragons. Unlike its predecessors, however, China will have difficulty in adopting the model of exporting higher value added intermediate inputs. Second, the long-term prospect of China’s capital account balance is ambiguous. As a result of its open-door policy, China has b een the second largest foreign direct investment (FDI) host since 1993. (27) Although decreasing profitability may prevent FDI from rising in the future, foreign investment in service sectors, such as telecommunication, banking and insurance, will rise if China lifts its restrictions on foreign investments. At the same time, the tremendous expansion of outward investment and illegal capital outflow explains why China’s foreign exchange reserve increased only slightly despite years of huge surplus. Given China’s unpromising outlook for its exchange reserve, some policy makers are pessimistic about China’s long-term balance of payment, although they tend to have confidence in China’s short-term balance of payment surplus. However, according to Long (28), such a view is not warrant as the expenditure in grain imports is predicted to be at most accounting for 2.5% of the exports by 2020. So there has to be other reasons other than balance of payment that make Chinese still uncertain about their ability to pay for grain imports. As China is on its path of rapid industrialization, imports of machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and high value services will inevitably increase rapidly with continued economic growth. Grain imports will have some crowding-out effects on other imports if foreign is a scarce resource and the opportunity cost of grain imports will be higher than nominal cost. (29) Still, even if China faces difficulties in keeping it s balance of payment, the Chinese currency can depreciate and lower domestic grain prices, reducing or halting grain imports at any time it The shift in the use of procurement prices as a means of taxing agriculture to a means of providing support suggests that policy transformation is well under way in China in light of food consumption change. China realizes the fact that over the past several decades the grain consumption structure has been changing: First, per capita grain consumption has been falling slowly since the early 1990s, offsetting some of the effects of population growth; second, the urban households consume much less grain than rural households. (30) Nevertheless, due to the expanding consumption in feed grains, seed and industrial input, research results suggest that the total grain demand will be growing at an average rate of 1.2 % between 1996 and 2020 and 1.1 % between 1996and 2030. (31) In order to be accurate, the above forecasts of grain demand take numerous factors into consideration, such as the urbanization rate, the consumption trends in the past 10 to 15 years and food consumption habits of ne ighboring countries in East Asia, etc. All of these factors indicate that per capita grain demand will only grow slowly (1.2 % and 1.1%) even if the Chinese economy further develops. (32) However, policies to increase prices received by farmers, like price support, even when successful, have limited effect on the returns to labor and capital engaged in agriculture. (33) Chinese officials did not learn from the similar serious and expensive agricultural policy errors made by the United States and the European Community until recently. (34) Rather than wasting money through high storage costs and payment to government employees, they realize that giving grain farmers direct subsidy and lowering agricultural tax do increase the income of farm people much moreeven though the government still applies price support, i.e., setting minimum purchasing prices. Such measures are implemented because increasing rural incomes is one of China’s prioritized commitments. While incomes have grown and poverty in rural China has been reduced substantially over the last 20 years, the income gap between rural and urban China has widened. (35) This has contributed to social tensions in rural areas and has become one of the major concerns for the government. While agriculture contributes almost one half to rural incomes, agricultural policy measures alone will have a very limited impact on rural incomes if they are not integrated with a wide range of other policies. In particular, the policy agenda has to include labor market reform to soften labor migration restrictions; education reform to provide the rural population with sufficient skills to compete on labor markets; fiscal policy reform combined with local administration reform to diminish the government-imposed burdens on rural households; and social policy reform to reduce the gap in access to social benefits between the rural and urban populations. China’s comprehensive reforms over the last 20 years have transformed its trade regime along with the economy as a whole. The reforms of the domestic economy have greatly increased the importance of market, rather than planning, in the allocation of resources. In fact, China has agreed to phase out restrictions on trading rights for most products. However, a small percentage of imports remains covered by the traditional monopoly trading system. Grain is a case in point. While such a system is allowed under GATT rules, there appears to be a strong case for, at minimum, reforming its operating procedures. It is because this system appears to involve the worst of both worldsthe poor information flows typical of command planning systems and the exploitation of market participants typically associated with poorly regulated markets. China realizes the importance of coordinating its domestic circulation system with the foreign trade system. Despite China’s commitment to distributing grain import quotas to private enterprises, the monopoly trading system will not allow it. Implemented in 1998, China’s domestic grain circulation system ensures the monopoly of the grain bureau by permitting no state-owned or private enterprises except the state grain bureau to purchase grain directly from farmers. If other enterprises can directly buy cheaper grain from the world market and sell at prices lower, the monopoly of the grain bureau will break down. Granting import quotas, thus, is not viable under the monopoly system to achieve the goal. For a broader distribution of import quotas, a reform of domestic circulation system is essential. That’s why, as mentioned in the first paragraph, China has started to progressively expand the scope of quota distribution to include private enterprises. Such a new move signifies an irreversible market reform of the country’s grain industry. As a member of the WTO, China controls over grain by the application of tariff rate quota. In accordance with Chinas promise on its entry into the WTO, during the transitional period, the tariff-rate quota for imported grains in 2004 will be no more than 22.15 billion kilograms; it is anticipated that the dependence on foreign trade will be 4.4 percent at most. During several years in the future, the annually average dependence on foreign trade in terms of grains will be 5 percent. (36) As the ratio of grain imports to total demand will expand to 10% or more by 2020, the amount of China’s grain import requirement will be about 60 million tons or more, significantly lower than 200 million tons suggested in the free trade scenario. (37) So with partial reliance, domestic grain prices would be higher than those of the world market, but lower than what would be if it adopted free grain trade. Although main grain exporters may prefer China to adopt grain trade policy than anything else, it is least likely to take effect. First, agricultural goods are far from being freely traded in the world. Even the United States, the largest exporter of agricultural goods, has a substantial level of government intervention when it comes to agriculture not to mention Canada. In this international framework, China can hardly go so far as to liberalize grain trade as a developing country. Second, free trade in grain does not constitute China’s national interest. China will not only exposed to the possible shock of price fluctuations in the world market, but also face the risk of serious rural unemployment, even in the absence of man-made attacks such as grain embargos. Third, other grain importers might not want China to adopt a free trade policy: The importing countries may object to the international pressure to open up their agricultural markets. Therefore it is understandable why Chinese government on the one hand let go of the old regime and progressively allows market force to take charge of its grain trade; on the other hand, however, it is still heavily involved by exerting powerful policy tools onto the market during the transition from planning-based regulations to free trade. As the world’s leading importer and exporter of grain, China has influenced the world grain market in many ways even with its long-held policy of grain self-sufficiency. As China now further liberalizes its grain trade, it will provide a larger market for grain exporters. There is no doubt that China, as the largest grain producer and consumer grain in the world, will become more powerful in affecting world food security. The question is how. China affects world food security through the price volatility it causes in the world market. There are two reasons for price volatility in the world market. First, almost every country, including China, imports to take advantage of the world market to stabilize its own domestic market. Almost no country relies solely on imports. Rather, countries vary the amount of grain imports according to the changes in their domestic grain prices. For this reason, the share of imports in the domestic market relative to domestic production is fairly small in most cases. Second, variations in the amount of imports in individual countries affect the world market prices since the world market is small relative to the total grain production. China swaps different varieties through the world market, and its enormous variations in import volumes usually affect world market prices. With China changing its trade policy and increasing its grain imports, the variations in China’s imports will be reduced substantially, mitigating the price volatility in the world grain market. Some researches pay attention to China’s grain imports and its impact on grain prices in the world market. Some researchers were alarmed by the prospect of China’s rising imports and its potential harmful effects on some of the poor grain importers. (38) However influential in policy-making, this view lacks credibility. Variation in China’s imports causes price shocks in the world grain market because suppliers can hardly anticipate the changes and adjust their production in time. If China relies more on grain imports, its import requirement will become more transparent and more predicable. Moreover, as mentioned earlier grain is an elastic commodity, main exporters will be able to expand their production to meet China’s increased import needs. Therefore, in the long-run the price of the world grain market will not soar even with China’s new grain policy. Besides direct economic benefits, the international community will also gain security benefits from China’s grain trade liberalization. China has been deeply involved in the global economy since the late 1970s as suggested by the amount of foreign trade in China. The twenty-year history of China’s integration into the international economy reveals that China has chosen to play under the current international rules along with the West, rather than to establish a new international framework that would challenge the existing rules. China has been involved with international organizations including the United Nations, the World Bank, the IMF and, eventually, the WTO. With deeper economic integration with the world market, the Chinese have realized the importance of interdependence and cooperation with other countries. Such a policy change will have important implication for China’s foreign policy. International and regional peace and stability will become a higher priority for China. When dealing with international affairs, China will be more cooperative with main grain exporting countries such as the United States. Consequently, the prospect of international cooperation will have positive consequences to certain extent for international security. Because grain is an important strategic good, a transition in grain trade policy will have important implications for China’s domestic and foreign policies. Because China is an indispensable player in the world grain market and a rising power in international affairs, China’s policy transition will also have major consequences for the international grain market and world security. Now, as it is liberalizing its grain trade, China requires smooth policy transition to bring a win-win situation to both China and the international community. If done successfully, both China and the international community will benefit from the policy change. Grain importers will gain a stable market for their product, a reduction in budget subsidies on agricultural goods, and a more predictable and reliable partner. China will be able to feed its people with lower costs and strengthen its international competitiveness. The policy transition, however, is dependent not only on China’s domestic circumstances but also on what the international community will do. In the international efforts to promote peaceful transition, the United States, Canada and Australiathe three major grain importers for Chinashould play a key role. Reference: 1.) china-embassy.org/eng/gyzg/t127570.htm 2.) http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2004-05/06/content_1454463.htm 3.) chinastudygroup.org/newsarchive/5603/ 4.) chinastudygroup.org/newsarchive/5941/ 5.) Cheng F. and Beghin J. C. (2003), â€Å"Protection and Comparative advantage of Chinese Agriculture: Implications for Regional and National Specialization†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 6.) www.agecon.ucdavis.edu/facultypages/sumner/iatrc/chengfang.pdf 7.) www.usda.gov/oce/forum/ Archives/2004/speeches/wade0220.doc 8.) Cheng F. and Beghin J. C. (2003), â€Å"Protection and Comparative advantage of Chinese Agriculture: Implications for Regional and National Specialization†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 9.) brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/1999_long.htm 10.) Ke, Bingsheng (1998), â€Å"Grain Circulation and Market System Reform†, paper for Commemoration Seminar on the Twentieth Anniversary of China’s Rural Reform, Beijing, 1998. 11.) Johnson, D.G. (1999), â€Å"Agricultural adjustments in China: Problems and Prospects,† Office of Agricultural Economics Research, University of Chicago, Paper No. 96:03, August 10. 12.) Johnson D.G. (2003), â€Å"China’s Grain Trade: Some Policy Considerations†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 13.) Crook, Frederick W. (1998), â€Å"Agricultural Policies in 1998: Stability and Change,† U. S. Department of Agriculture, China: Situation and Outlook Series, International Agriculture and Trade reports, Economic Research Service, WRS-98-3, pp. 9-10 14.) State Statistical Bureau (1998), China Statistical Yearbook 1998, Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House 15.) State Statistical Bureau (1998), China Statistical Yearbook 1998, Beijing: China Statistical Publishing House 16.) Kane P., (1988), Famine in China, 1959-61: Demographic and Social Implications, New York: St. Martins Press. 17.) eco.utexas.edu/Homepages/Faculty/Cleaver/357Lsum_s4_Paarlberg_FA80.html 18.) gatt.org/ 19.) www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs012/wrs012k.pdf 20.) www.econ.worldbank.org/files/2469_wps2689.pdf 21.) http://en.ce.cn/main/Insight/200409/06/t20040906_1728837.shtml 22.) card.iastate.edu/iowa_ag_review/fall_00/competitiveness.aspx 23.) Hertel, T., (1997), Global Trade Analysis: Modeling and Applications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 24.) Hunag Jikun, (2003), â€Å"Trade Liberalization and China’s Food Economy in the 21st Century: Implication for China’s National Food Security†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 25.) Naughton B., (2003), â€Å"China’s Trade Regime Entering a New Century†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 26.) Naughton B., (2003), â€Å"China’s Trade Regime Entering a New Century†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 27.) Hunag Jikun, (2003), â€Å"Trade Liberalization and China’s Food Economy in the 21st Century: Implication for China’s National Food Security†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 28.) brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/1999_long.htm 29.) brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/1999_long.htm 30.) www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs012/wrs012l.pdf 31.) brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/1999_long.htm 32.) agriculture.com/default.sph/agNotebook.class?FNC=ArticleList__Aarticle_html___8683___826 33.) Johnson, D.G. (1991), World Agriculture in Disarray, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan. 34.) Johnson D.G. (2003), â€Å"China’s Grain Trade: Some Policy Considerations†, in Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Summer (eds.), Agricultural Trade and Policy in China, Ashgate Publishing Company. 35.) Johnson, D.G. (2000), Reducing the Urban-Rural Income Disparity in China, Office of Agricultural Economics Research, The University of Chicago, Paper: 00-06, mimeo. 36.) http://docsonline.wto.org/DDFDocuments/t/WT/ACC/CHN49.doc 37.) brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/papers/1999_long.htm 38.) Brown, Lester R., (1995), Who Will Feed China?: Wake-up Call for a small Planet, Norton Company Ltd. Research Papers on China's Reliance on The World Market - Economics EssayDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Customer service skills every employee needs

Customer service skills every employee needs If you work with clients on a regular basis, you always need to be on your game. Being good at customer service means that when you’re grumpy, tired, or super-busy, you still project a friendly and professional tone at all times.  Even if you’re not working directly in customer service, per se, that doesn’t mean that customer service skills do not apply to you- it can never hurt to brush up on your people skills, no matter what industry you work in. Here are a few universal skills that every good employee should master if they want to make sure not to lose clients or customers for their business- or make big jerks of themselves at crucial moments.CommunicationIf you can’t communicate well verbally and in writing, then it’s time to learn. When you are representing a company, things like poor grammar, misspellings, excessive slang, and a too-casual tone really come across as unprofessional. Aim to express yourself clearly and articulately in whateve r format you are required to. Check and double-check all written communication, and take care with your words. Then, get better at it. Solid communication skills will make everything in your life- especially your job- go more smoothly.RespectThis one seems obvious but it’s worth repeating to yourself now and again: treat others as you would like to be treated. This goes for your boss, that annoying customer screaming at you about something out of your control, and the cleaning staff. Some simple things you can do  to show respect are using a person’s name, actually listening when they talk, not talking over them, not looking bored, and making eye contact. If these actions don’t come naturally, make an effort to thoughtfully add them to your daily interactions. Pretty soon, they’ll become habit.PatienceThey don’t call it a virtue for nothing. Don’t rush people out the door, off the phone, or out of your cubicle without making sure they feel heard. Giving slower service or taking a bit of extra time is sometimes the smartest, most effective (and efficient) way to work- even when you just want to move on to the next task. Stay focused and show that you are paying attention. Give people your full concentration (please, please, don’t check your phone when someone is talking to you) and repeat back key details to demonstrate that you are listening and comprehending.KnowledgeKnow your job, your company, and your product inside out. Never be the person who doesn’t have the answer to a question- if it isn’t your department, you should know off the top of your head the right person to contact for the answer. And, of course, you should be a total  expert when it comes to your company role and responsibilities. Know everything there is to know so that if anyone comes to you with a problem you don’t have to tell them you aren’t familiar with some aspect of your job.AdaptabilityGet better at re ading people. What do they want, exactly, to happen from your interaction? And how do they want to be dealt with or addressed? Every person- customer or boss- comes with his or her set of personal quirks. It’s never about cookie-cutter solutions. Your approach for dealing with people must adapt to the specific situation. If you’re too rigid, you’ll seem fake and uncaring.CreativityBeing able to find workaround solutions and think outside of the box to solve a problem is a huge asset to any career. Cultivate your ability to think of something, anything, to help out- even when the situation seems hopeless. Stay tenacious and positive and work through it until a resolution comes to you. Even if your solution isn’t the answer, everyone will admire your dedication. When people see you are making an honest effort, they are very appreciative. You’ll come out looking like a true professional.